Changes whilst editing

We showed some of our family and friends our almost finished film opening to get an idea of what improvements need to be made and also to find out what the audience like about our film. 

Whilst editing our film opening, we come to the conclusion that our original song choice of an upbeat house song didn't reflect our film genre as a Melodrama. This was due to in our feedback a lot of people mentioned this, they thought everything happened very sudden and wasn't aware or had any ideas that it was a Melodrama.  As the music was so happy and joyful it did not really give out any ideas or suggest that something bad is going to happen. We thought that as a consequence of this we would lose marks as it would be hard to guess the genre and everything would not be clear what has happened at the end of the opening, it may leave the audience feeling confused. So due to this we decided to change our music to a slower more melodrama sounding song, but due to copyright laws we had to search for a song or piece of music that was not copyright. We found it very difficult to find any music that wasn't copyright and fitted what we needed. So therefore we made our music ourself by getting a friend to sing a cover of Coldplay - Fix you. We thought this song had the right tempo and dynamics to fit our Melodrama genre. 

Also another concept of our feedback was that when Charlotte got hit by the train it wasn't clear enough, and it left the audience confused on what had just happened. One suggestion was that we added a scream and more significant shots to show exactly what has happened. This will also work with our new choice of music to ensure it looks more like a Melodrama and is emotional. So we then decided to add in a scream from Beth shouting Charlotte's name, and also added some footage of Beth trying to grab her. We hoped that this would make the occurrence look more believable and clearer. We also added a scream with this footage in order to emphasise it to the audience.

I personally think that these changes due to audience feedback have improved our filming opening a lot, and helps the audience understand and enjoy the opening more. 

Film Titles

We had a long think to what our film should be called. It was important that we picked an effective title so it reflected our Melodrama genre. We did not want a title which completely gave the story line of the film away, as then it wouldn't be worth watching. We needed a title which would make people interested in the film and want to watch it.

Torn 
The film title torn was one of our possibilities, as the main character Beth is torn what to do next. 
The scenario is a form of guilt so we thought torn is an effective title as it doesn't give a great deal away. However, when I think of the word torn I instantly think of a sad film, as its as if someones heart or feelings have been torn (damaged)

The self reserve 
We got this idea as it again relates to the rest our film; Beth with draws herself from future happenings.   

She is very self reserved in her manner and doesn't participate in other things, this is because of the death of her best-friend. She finds it hard to let in anyone to help her, meaning she pushes any future love relationships away. Again the title isn't obvious and doesn't give away anything that happens in our opening but still refers to it from a visible view for the target audience.

Morals

We come up with the name different morals because it doesn't give a great deal of information away about the story line. 

There are two different ways in which Morals can be defined:

1 - A lesson, esp. one concerning what is right or prudent, that can be derived from a story, a piece of information, or an experience.

2 - A person's standards of behaviour or beliefs concerning what is and is not acceptable for them to do.

The first definition relates to our story line, so we could use it for our film title.

Elapsed in Time
We liked the name elapsed in time as it means the measured duration of an event. It gives off the idea that the main character is stuck in time, like she can't get the event out of her head.

Originally we chose the title Morals, but we soon changed this after getting feedback that it doesn't link very well to the film. A couple of people said they thought it was irrelevant and should be more specific to the story line, so we then chose to use Elapsed in time as we think this related to the story line the most, but doesn't give lots of information away. It relates to the film as the main character Beth, is left stuck with the tragedy in her head and she cant remove it as if she is stuck in time.  

Filming Evaluation

We filmed all of our footage on Monday 19th November 2012 as planned. It was a dull day which was what we wanted and luckily it had been raining which meant that we had puddles to use to our advantage. It didn't rain any of the time throughout filming which was good.

We filmed all the shots we planned to film plus a few extras to ensure we had enough clips to fill in any gaps or additional time to make up to the 2 minute boundary.

Here are a selection of different shots we achieved:

As you can see by a snippet of our shots we have achieved a variety of different shots including close ups, long shots, tracker shot and match on action.

What went well 
We were happy with our shots as we had the perfect lighting and day, and accumulated some good techniques which were going to look good once edited. My favourite shot is when the two characters walk through the puddle which makes a splash and leaves the ticket floating in the water, this is my favourite because I think it looks professional and very effective. Also the shot of the water on the bench arm looks detailed and is a good example of a close up. The fact that we got so many shots was excellent as it was such a small area and one place of setting however we managed to get near to everything we needed. We used the bridge at the train station to our advantage, and filmed a lot of the shots off the edge and had the side wall to rest the camera on to have a stable non-shakey shot. We tried to follow our animatics whilst filming, which helped a lot as we knew exactly what shots to film, and then added any additional ones we thought would look good. Overall I thought our filming session was successful and we got everything done in one day. 

What problems we had
When we first arrived at the train station and informed the ticket lady we were filming for our media coursework she said we needed to contact a certain number in order to have permission. So we contacted the number and had a long wait until we finally got permission which was time consuming. Once we started filming we had one main problem, and this was actually filming effective shots that would show that Charlotte gets hit by the train. This was very hard to portray whilst filming our shots due to safety; as obviously she cannot jump in front of the train. So we had to think carefully how we was going to film it and just filmed little snippets to indicate a hazard; like her shoe laces being undone and being too far over the yellow line. We knew that we could make it more obvious when editing and could hopefully make the audience know what happens.

Due to us choosing such a difficult opening story line I think we done our best to portray what we wanted to happen with our filming.

Character profile: Charlotte

History of women in the film industry
Women have been central to the film industry since its inception in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. From Nickelodeons to full-length feature films and from silent films to talkies, as writers, directors, actors, and audience members, women have influenced the trajectory of the film industry. Female stardom was an essential component of the rise of the industry, though many of these women were celebrated more for their appearances than for their acting ability.

While the popularity of certain female stars offered them legendary status, the kinds of roles they were asked to play often reinforced traditional gender roles. That story is the familiar one. This exhibit intends to reveal a lesser known part of the story. Women actually played a powerful role in shaping the early film industry. As both consumers of film and professionals in the field, both in front of and behind the camera, women dramatically affected the development of American film.

In our film there are two characters that are important to the films storyline. They appear in our film opening. Below are their character profiles.

Name: Charlotte Wyatt
Age: 17
Date of birth: 23/06/95
Clothes size: 8
Height: 5ft4
Weight: 8st 2lb
Hair colour: Brunette
Eye colour: Hazel 
Siblings: Three brothers and one sister
Favourite colour: White 
Favourite music band: One Direction
Favourite music artist: Rihanna
Favourite film: Wild Child 

(Outfit in film opening)
Green parker coat - £50 H&M
Black leggings - £15 forever 21
Grey cardigan - £25 topshop
Red Vans - £50 office
Black bag - £15 New look 

In total this outfit was worth £155, however we already had the coat and the vans. So we only purchased the leggings and grey cardigan for the footage. We chose to dress Charlotte in these clothes as it is quite a cold day, so it was important for her to rap up warm. The leggings are comfy for travelling which is what the two friends are doing in the opening as well as the red vans. 


Charlotte is a very outgoing, kind and generous person. How ever she can be shy when meeting new people. She is funny and can always put a smile on her best friend Beth's face. Charlotte doesn't have a part time job but is currently studying legal secretary at college which she plans to get a career in. 
Likes: Charlotte likes to socialise and loves to sing. She likes horses and spends a lot of time down the stables. She has an interest in music, she spends a lot of her spare time with her earphones in listening to her favourite artist Rihanna.
Dislikes: Charlotte has a phobia of spiders.
Background:  Charlotte comes from a stable middle class background, she is supported by her parents but has additional financial help from her grandmother. 

Character profile: Beth

Name: Beth Morgan
Age: 17
Date of birth: 27/09/1995
Clothes size: 8
Height: 5ft6
Weight: 7st 8lb
Hair colour: Brunette/Blonde
Eye colour: Blue
Siblings: One brother called Ben
Favourite colour: Silver
Favourite music band: Bombay bicycle club
Favourite music artist: Alicia Keys
Favourite film:  Mean Girls

(Outfit in film opening)
Blue parker jacket - £65 River island
Light pink jumper - £20 Select
Black Jeans - £35 New look
Brown shoe boots - £25 Internationale
Black bag - £15 select 

In total this outfit is worth £160 however we already had the outfit, the only purchase we made was the jumper. We dressed beth in a simliar way to Charlotte, with the parker jacket to keep warm on the cold day, with a casual pair of jeans and a jumper. The little boots made the outfit differ from Beth's and included a bag




Beth finds it easy to make new friends, how ever she can be quite cold hearted and isn't the relationship type. She is a bubbly person and loves her family unconditionally. She works hard at her job in New look, and is currently studying at Sixth form. She is currently studying business, psychology, ICT and Maths; and plans to go on to university to get a degree in Accountancy. 
Likes: Beth is an average teenage girl, she likes socialising with friends and shopping as she is fashionable and has a fairly natural appearance. She is a very creative individual and likes drawing and can be very imitative in her fashion sense. 
Dislikes: She dislikes jelly as she doesn't like the texture. She also has a fear of wasps. 
Background: Beth comes from a financially stable family. Her father is a successful business man and her mother is a secretary. Her brother is younger than her, and she gets on well with him. 

Our chosen film institution

For our film we have chosen Universal Studios: 

We have chosen this as it is our favourite and most memorable opening institution. 

Recent films Universal have produced:

- The unborn (January 9, 2009)

- Kick-ass (March 26, 2010)

- Paul (March 18, 2010)

- Bridesmaids (May 13, 2010)

- Snow white and the huntsman (June 1, 2012)

- Ted (June 9, 2012)

All the films produced by universal are very different genre's, for example The Unborn is a Horror, where as Snow White and the Huntsman is an Action. 

We chose this as our film institution because in our opinion it is the most memorable and dramatic one. However we are aware that there is a 100th Anniversary version so we are going to try and use that, to make it a little bit different.

Filming Schedule

Our filming needs to be done all in one day ideally as the weather and lighting needs to be exactly the same throughout the shots. The day we have chosen to film Monday 19th November 2012. We have chosen a sunday because the train station will be less busy on this day which would be the best day for filming. We will go to the train station around 4pm to make sure the lighting is quite dull. As it is a melodrama we need quite a gloomy rainy day to show danger, rather than a bright sunny day which would suggest happiness.

What we are filming:
1. Ticket machine  
2. Ticket falling out of ticket machine
3. Money falling out of ticket machine
4. Ticket going into barrier
5. Walking through barrier
6. Taking ticket from barrier
7. Walking onto platform
8. A puddle
9. Stepping into puddle
10. Looking at the station's platform
11. The train tracks
12. The barriers on the road going down
13. Girls laughing (not paying attention)
14. Train dashing past at an extreme speed
15. Camera dropping
16. Character in bed with eyes closed
17. Eyes open
18. Sits up breathing heavily

Risk Assessment
We have to be very careful whilst filming at our chosen setting, as being a train station it can be a major hazard and dangerous place. Even when we are filming one of the characters being too far over the yellow line this is a major risk, as it only takes a loss of balance for devastation. Also whilst hanging off the bridge filming the characters from a distance could be difficult, as it would be easy for the camera to slip out of my hands, so I need to ensure I wear the safety strap. 

Planning

Plot

The opening of our film will be at a train station, where a teenage girl called Beth faces a tragic accident where she loses her friend. It will begin with the two girls walking into the station; buying tickets and walking through the barrier and onto the platform. They will be talking and not paying a lot of attention to their surroundings. It will not be completely clear what is happening as we want our opening to be tense and leave the audience wanting to know more. However, it will be clear enough to know that Charlotte gets hit by the train. The over all film will consist of Beth dealing with her traumatic past and meeting a boy named James who helps her through all of it despite her pushing him away. 

Opening setting

The setting will be a train station, where the accident was. We will film on a dull winter evening, so the station looks more intimidating and gloomy. The best day to film will be a sunday, where there will be little people around as we want a near to empty station. We will also film the character waking up in bed so a bedroom is another setting needed. Due to only having one setting; we may be limited to what we can film, but we will try our best to get the best shots possible. 

Cast
Emily Hamer is playing the role of Beth
Sacha Wyatt is playing the role of Charlotte
We chose Emily to play the role of Beth because she suited the type of person we wanted Beth to be like; fashionable, sociable and 17. Sacha plays the role of Beth as she is the same age as Charlotte (Emily) and looks like an average teenage girl. 

Characters

The main female character is a 17 year old called Beth, she was an average teenage girl who loved socialising, until she lost her best friend which left her emotionally insecure, depressed and paranoid.

The main male character is a 20 year old called James. James is a good looking boy and is described by many as a 'ladies man'. However, as soon as he meets Beth he soon makes her his main priority and doesn't leave her side. Beth's friend Charlotte who dies, is the same age as Beth (17). She is from a working background and loves shopping and socialising with her best friend Beth. 

Font of the Titles and positioning
We have chosen our font tiles to be Cambria, as it is quite a simple font that will not distract the viewer from the actual film. The titles will be either in the corner or in fairly discrete places that will be noticeable but not too in the viewers face. We will edit the titles on final cut express; 

Music 

The music we are using for our opening is an upbeat house track called what i might do by Ben Pearce. We are editing the song ourselves to slow it down, trim it and add extra beats. We wanted an upbeat song for the start of the opening as it's just two girls at the train station on a normal day, however there is a drop in the song which we will slow down towards the ending of the opening to show something has happened. 

Film certificate
A film certificate acts as a guideline for ages in which the film is suitable for. For example a PG film would not contain any bad language, discrimination, sexual explicits or drug taking. However a 12 may contain some mild cases. On the other hand an 18 could contain all of these which is why only a person over the age of 18 should be watching the film. Our film will be a 12

Bad language, discrimination, sexual explicits or drug taking
Our film will contain only mild bad language. There will be no discrimination or taking of recreational drugs. There will be a few intimate scenes between Beth and James towards the end of the film which will not display any nudity or sexual  intercourse. 

Animatic Storyboard

These are the animatics for our film opening, The animatic storyboard is an important part of the planning process as it tells us exactly when the settings change, different cuts are used, when text comes up and the types of shots we want to include. We did this by sketching the main shots we are going to include in our opening, these shots consisted of close ups and long shots and a variety of other shots. We know that our actual film opening will not be exact to this as these are our initial ideas and we have tried to portray them in these animatics. Our inital ideas are that the setting is at a train station and an accident occurs, we have drawn our animatics to show the main things that will occur, for example buying the tickets, the platform, the tracks and the train coming which is the hazard. The music we added to our animatics is something we like, but are still unsure of therefore we will not decide anything until we have our footage. We simply added it to get a better feel of the planning and shots we are going to have.

I think creating an animatic storyboard was useful as it acts as a plan for our filming, and if our music will suit the opening. We had a few problems such as the settings and shots were difficult to draw especially the platform which was hard to make into proportion and we wanted it to be as realistic as possible. However over all our animatics was successful and I think it will help us a lot when it comes to filming.

Target Audience

We decided to come up with a questionnaire so we could find out our target audience. We did this as we thought this is the best way to pin point exactly who would be the most interested in our film. The first two questions are 'what is your age group?' and 'what is your gender?' These two questions will find out more about the person and how they answer the other questions will find out which age group and gender prefer Melodrama films which is the genre of our film. If a person's favourite film genre is not Melodrama but they say they would still go to the cinema to see a Melodrama film then they could still be classed as our target audience. One of the questions asked is what the person thinks is a good film opening, which will give us additional for our film opening to ensure it will capture the viewers attention and be the best it can be. 

This is our Questionnaire:

Sample of results and analysis to our questionnaire

We asked a total of 60 people, 10 of each age category. 5 Male and 5 Female of each.

What is your favourite film genre?

The results of this question show that Romantic Comedy was the most popular film genre.  However Melodrama is still quite popular. It is clear that the most popular gender who favour Melodrama is Female. And the most popular age group is 41-50, and the least popular gender is Under 16's.


Would you go to the cinema to see a Melodrama?

The results of this question show that the majority of females would go to see a Melodrama film, not as many males would but still a very large proportion of the men asked. This suggests that Melodrama is favoured more by females as it is more emotional. The most popular age groups that said they would go to the cinema to see a Melodrama film was between the ages of 21-50, although all the age categories had a high amount of people saying yes. The lowest category was Under 16's which could be due to them preferring cartoons and fantasy films. 

Describe what you think is a good film opening? 

Sample of results: 

- "The best film openings are the ones that build up tension, the ones that will you leave you wondering what is going to happen next." Male aged 28

- "When watching a film I like to see flashbacks, I enjoy watching a film opening which is a little confusing, then will become clearer throughout the film." Male aged 45

- "A good film opening is one that will capture my attention, it has to be interesting and make me want to watch more. It has to have good music as well." Female aged 31

- "I like happy film openings that set a good positive vibe. I'm not much of an action-film lover but I love a good romantic comedy." Female aged 52

- "I like film openings that are funny and will make me want to watch more." Female aged 15

These results show that people have a very different taste of film openings. A popular choice was one that will make the viewer want to watch more and may be a little confusing but will build up tension at the same time. This suggests that my film opening needs to be really interesting and capture the viewers attention as soon as it begins. 

Dear John opening

Click here to watch Dear John

In the opening of this film the first thing you hear is a piece of music in which is very gentle, the audience can instantly tell that the film will be a romantic film rather than an action film. The first shot is a slow motion over the shoulder shot of a injured man in the army. As this shot occurs a voice over begins saying: "There's something I want to tell you, after I got shot..." The audience instantly know that he is talking in first person meaning the injured man being displayed is him. The shot is then followed by a high angled long shot which is still slow motion of the soldiers, this could suggest that the two soldiers are vulnerable. The voice over then states "you want to know the very first thing that entered my mind, before i blacked out- Coins." as he says this a number of coins rush across the screen. Following this is a head shot of a boy almost like a freeze frame as coins rush down in front of him, the boy is portrayed as him as an 8 year old. There is then a sequence of extreme close ups of coins being made in a factory which shows important detail to the audience, which makes it clear that coins are very significant to what the film is about and may be referred to throughout. During this part the voice over is explaining how they are made which gives extra information to the viewer.
Following this the voice over says "I am a coin in the united states army,  I was mended in the year 1980, i've been punched from sheet metal. I've been stamped and cleaned, my ridges has been rimmed and bevelled. Now i have two small holes in me, i'm no longer in perfect condition" This is a metaphor the voice over uses to relate his life and personal circumstances to coins. The last shot you see is a close up that fades out where the opening of the film ends.

The lion king opening

Click here to watch The Lion King

In this openings the first thing I noticed was the film titles were sunrise colours such as orange yellow and red, these are specific to the country the film is set in which is Africa, and the wild. The next thing you see after the film titles in a sunrise which is an establishing shot. The sunrise could be a metaphor for new birth as its the birth of new day. The next couple of shots you see are mid-shots and long-shots of various animals, which appear to be stopping what they are doing and looking up at something. Following this are birds-eye views and landscape shots which display herds of animals travelling somewhere. The music used in the opening can be classed as light-hearted and is about new lives and new beginnings which links into the idea of the sunrise and the wild. There is a significant shot of the elephants moving towards the camera, the camera angle is pointing up-wards to make the elephants appear larger, this shows the larger animals over rule the smaller mammals as there are birds running away in fear of being stomped on.

Seven pounds opening

Click here to watch seven pounds

This is one of my favourite films because it is so touching, and I think the beginning of the film really captures the viewers attention and makes them want to watch more.
The opening scene begins with a phone call, which is actually what happens at the end of the film. It's not long before you see after the credits an extreme close up shot of a man making a phone call. He is breathless and looks distraught, it becomes quickly clear that he is in a serious situation when he asks for an ambulance. The character then reveals he is committing suicide and this makes the viewer want to know more. As the camera shot is still an extreme close up it does not give away any idea of where he is or the situation he is in which builds up tension. 

There is then a voice over which states "in seven days god created the world, and in seven seconds I shattered mine." I find this very effective as everything you know so far is based on the number seven and you already know that he has made a mistake which has effected him badly. During the voice over he is swimming in the ocean. The camera shots used at this point is extreme long shot, and birds eye view. This could suggest he tries to get away from his past as it's like he is swimming away from something.

Film genres

Action 
Action films usually include high energy, big-budget physical stunts and chases, possibly with rescues, battles, fights, escapes, destructive crises (floods, explosions, natural disasters, fires, etc.), Action films may typically include a heroic character. A good example of an action film is James Bond.

Adventure
Adventure films are usually exciting stories, with new experiences or exotic locales, very similar to or often paired with the action film genre. Adventure may include jungle and desert epics. 

Comedy
Comedies contain light-hearted plots that can be described as humorous. Comedies are designed to amuse the audience by exaggerating behaviours and characteristics. Comedy films can be mixed with other genres, for example romantic comedies or a humorous action film. Parodies are also associated with comedy. 

Drama
Dramas are serious, plot-driven presentations, portraying realistic characters, settings, life situations, and stories involving intense character development and interaction. The drama genre has a close relation to Melodrama films as they usually contain a high level of emotion.

Epics/Historical
Epics or historical films usually are set in war settings or any other historical time. Medieval is a popular choice for this genre. Epics often share elements of the elaborate adventure films genre. Epics take an historical or imagined event, mythic, legendary, or heroic figure and use costumes and scenarios to exaggerate a storyline in order to make the film tragic

Horror 
Horror films are targeted to scare the audience and create tension whilst entertaining the audience at the same time. Most horror films have the same features such a filming techniques. A popular shot is having an open space behind the character which makes the viewer think that something will appear. They are often combined with science fiction when the menace or monster is related to a corruption of technology, or when Earth is threatened by aliens. 

Science Fiction
ci-fi films are often quasi-scientific, visionary and imaginative - complete with heroes, aliens, distant planets, impossible quests, improbable settings, fantastic places, great dark and shadowy villains, futuristic technology, unknown and unknowable forces, and extraordinary monsters 

Melodrama

Melodrama Films are a sub-type of drama films, characterized by a plot to appeal to the heightened emotions of the audience. A popular occurrence in mellow drama films are the death of a loved one.


Origins of Melodrama
The word ‘melodrama’ comes from the Greek melos = music and drama = action, presented as a performance. So, a melodrama is a drama with music. Melodrama would cover most entertainment films that use music to invoke moods and to signal emotional themes or to heighten sensations such as fear or suspense.

Why we have chosen Melodrama for our film genre

We decided to chose Melodrama for our film genre as our group members all had a liking for films with emotional moments or an overall emotional story line. 
I like Melodrama films as when I watch a film which has a high level of sensitivity, the film sticks in my mind for a long period of time. I feel more into a film with emotion than a horror or action because I almost feel the emotion the character is feeling. I think our film opening could be very good using melodrama as our genre, as we can use music with sensitive lyrics or piano music.

Spider diagrams

These is our ideas brainstormed, we are likely to alter our ideas through the process of our coursework but these are our inital ideas of what we want our film opening to be like including the storyline, some shots we would like to include and things we need to prevent. 

Preliminary task

This is my preliminary task. We got into groups of about 4 people to play around with filming and achieving different shots. This developed our skills of filming and editing skills. This task included change on action, shot reverse shot and not breaking the 180 degree rule.

Filming the shots were relatively easy, the more challenging part was editing all the clips we had together to perfect the material we had. This was quite difficult as some of our filming wasn't as on point as we needed it to be. We had a few problems with getting the match on action accurate and to run smoothly so we ended up having to re film parts to improve it. 

Making our film follow the 180 degree rule was easy as we imagined the 'invisible line' and made sure we filmed the correct parts. The conversation at the beginning had a few issues due to the lighting on the second character. Although this was hard to prevent due to the window letting in the light in one direction, although we got the right idea of the shot reverse shot. We also incluough footage to get the exact accurate points to cut and edit together to look professional. 

Improvements that would make if I were to redo this task would be to ensure that the lighting is bright enough in all the shots. I would also make sure that the editing is smooded match on action shots which were slightly trickier to complete to a realistic standard as we had to ensure that the character was moving from one cut to the next smoothly. To do this we recorded more than enther to be the best it can be and make our filming more perfected. Also the end part needs to be made clearer as it is hard to see what has happened to the character, as we didn't actually film her falling over.

3 types of shots

180 degree rule
The 180 Degree Rule is an important aspect of the film grammar. This consists of while filming never taking a shot over a 180 degrees axis. An example of this would be like watching a football game with the runner going to the right and all of a sudden we cut to him running to the left.



Match on action
This is when filming a clip you film a clip and cut from one position to another, usually a slightly different angle. The cutting is so discrete that it is barely noticeable. An example would be a character entering a room, with a first shot of them opening the door from behind and a second showing the person directly facing forwards. However, the position of the door being open is the same in both shots.



Shot reverse shot
This shot is where a character is shown looking at another character followed by a shot of the other character looking back at the first character. This is usually created by using a method called over shoulder reverse shot and over shoulder shot.

Institution

An institution is an organisation, establishment, foundation or society devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program. It is a worldwide business.

An example of this is:

"Disney Institute is the professional development arm of The Walt Disney Company. Built on the global success of Disney, our solutions engage organizations in time-tested best practices, sound methodologies, and real life business lessons that facilitate corporate culture change."

-taken from the disney website.

Walt Disney is an institution because the company itself owns many other companies, however most of us aren't aware of this. The reason for owning other companies is to cover all aspects of the media industry.

A few of the companies Walt Disney owns is: 

- Touchstone pictures

- Miramax films 

- Hollywood records

- ESPN

- Abc

- Good morning america

Examples of films produced by disney (also touchstone pictures and miramax films):
- The last song
- Pirates of the caribbean 
- Need for speed
- Step up 
- Ella enchanted
- Cinderella

Different camera angle shots

ECU (Extreme close up)

This is a very close up shot to show small detail on an object or a person. The purpose of it is to show a viewer important detail.

CU (Close up)

This shot is like a facial shot, it is more distant than an extreme close up.
The purpose of this shot is to reveal detail to the viewer.

Head and Shoulders
This shot reveals a persons head and shoulders, it is often used on the news as you can still see detail such as lips moving and facial expressions clearly.

MS (Medium shot)

This shot consists of being below the waist up to above the head (leaving some headroom) This way the viewer can see a persons hand actions as well as their facial expressions.

LS (long shot)

A persons entire body is in this shot, this is useful if a persons walking or moving in any way and it is important for the viewer to see the persons body language.

ELS (extra long shot)
This shot is also known as the establish shot. This gives the viewer some perspective of where the character is, and will make it clear what the location/setting is like.

Two shot
This is when two people are in the scene and their interaction is important to the viewer. This is often used to introduce a scene of a conversation or a reaction.

OS (over shoulder shot)
This shot consists of the camera being held over the shoulder of a character to reveal another character. This is usually used in conversation between two characters as it stimulates a view of the subject as seen from the second persons eyes.